the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans) don't have localized centromeres, which makes their chromosomes look like bars rather than a variation on an X-shape. (This is actually from someone with Down syndrome.) To see the variety of shapes in the human karyotype (collection of chromosomes): This wikipedia article has a decent diagram and describes the complicated nomenclature (naming) for these different shapes: This means that that when you look (after staining) at the condensed chromosomes in a cell you can see chromosomes with chromatids that look like they only have one arm, others that have one long and one short arm, and some that will look like the two arms are of equal length. Yes - the centromere can be located anywhere along the DNA strand.
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